Understanding strategic responses to the COVID-19 crisis by manufacturing SMEsA cluster analysis

  1. J.I. Igartua 1
  2. D. Ibarra 1
  3. J. Retegi 1
  4. A.M. Valenciano
  1. 1 Universidad de Mondragón/Mondragon Unibertsitatea
    info

    Universidad de Mondragón/Mondragon Unibertsitatea

    Mondragón, España

    ROR https://ror.org/00wvqgd19

Zeitschrift:
Dirección y organización: Revista de dirección, organización y administración de empresas

ISSN: 1132-175X

Datum der Publikation: 2024

Nummer: 83

Seiten: 28-42

Art: Artikel

Andere Publikationen in: Dirección y organización: Revista de dirección, organización y administración de empresas

Zusammenfassung

Manufacturing small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which play a decisive role in the Spanish and European economies, have been particularly affected by the disruption generated by the COVID-19 crisis, with their strategic decisions key to main-taining their competitiveness. This article explores the strategic priorities defined by CEOs of manufacturing SMEs to face COVID-19-related challenges. Data were collected from 167 manufacturing companies through an online questionnaire and exploited with factorial and cluster analyses. The results highlight the strategic importance of developing more advanced business models, boosting customer responsiveness and developing innovative value propositions for a proactive response to the COVID-19 crisis. The value of this exploratory research lies in its contribution to research on the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the strategic management of manufacturing SMEs from a quantitative perspective

Informationen zur Finanzierung

We acknowledge that this paper has benefited from research projects carried out with the support of the Gipuzkoako Foru Aldundia - Diputación Foral de Gipuzkoa.

Bibliographische Referenzen

  • Achanga, P. et al. (2006) ‘Critical success factors for lean implementation within SMEs’, Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 17(4), pp. 460–471. doi:10.1108/17410380610662889.
  • Adam, N.A. and Alarifi, G. (2021) ‘Innovation practices for survival of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the COVID-19 times: the role of external support’, Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 10(1). doi:10.1186/ s13731-021-00156-6.
  • Allaire, Y. and Firsirotu, M.E. (1984) ‘Theories of Organizational Culture’, Organization Studies, 5(3), pp. 193–226. doi:10.1177/017084068400500301.
  • Alves, J.R.X. and Alves, J.M. (2015) ‘Production management model integrating the principles of lean manufacturing and sustainability supported by the cultural transformation of a company’, International Journal of Production Research, 53(17), pp. 5320–5333. doi:10.1080/00207543.2015.1033032.
  • Amit, R. and Zott, C. (2012) ‘Creating value through business model innovation’, MIT Sloan Management Review, 53(3), pp. 41–49.
  • Anand, G. and Ward, P.T. (2004) ‘Fit, flexibility and performance in manufacturing: Coping with dynamic environments’, Production and Operations Management, 13(4), pp. 369–385. doi:10.1111/j.1937-5956.2004. tb00224.x.
  • Anwar, M. (2018) ‘Business model innovation and SMEs performance-Does competitive advantage mediate?’, International Journal of Innovation Management, 22(7). doi:10.1142/S1363919618500573.
  • Bao, G. et al. (2020) ‘Slack resources and growth performance: The mediating roles of product and process innovation capabilities’, Asian Journal of Technology Innovation, 28(1), pp. 60–76. doi:10.1080/19761597.2 019.1700383.
  • Barney, J.B. (2001) ‘Resource-based theories of competitive advantage: A ten-year retrospective on the resourcebased view’, Journal of Management, 27(6), pp. 643– 650. doi:10.1016/S0149-2063(01)00115-5.
  • Battisti, M. et al. (2019) ‘Surviving or thriving: The role of learning for the resilient performance of small firms’, Journal of Business Research, 100, pp. 38–50. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.03.006.
  • Baumann, C. et al. (2017) ‘Competitiveness vis-àvis service quality as drivers of customer loyalty mediated by perceptions of regulation and stability in steady and volatile markets’, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 36, pp. 62–74. doi:10.1016/j. jretconser.2016.12.005.
  • Blackmore, K. and Nesbitt, K. (2013) ‘Verifying the Miles and Snow strategy types in Australian small- and mediumsize enterprises’, Australian Journal of Management, 38(1), pp. 171–190. doi:10.1177/0312896212444692.
  • Bogers, M. et al. (2019) ‘Strategic Management of Open Innovation: A Dynamic Capabilities Perspective’, California Management Review, 62(1), pp. 77–94. doi:10.1177/0008125619885150.
  • Boselie, P., Dietz, G. and Boon, C. (2005) ‘Commonalities and contradictions in HRM and performance research’, Human Resource Management Journal, 15(3), pp. 67– 94. doi:10.1111/j.1748-8583.2005.tb00154.x.
  • Bouwman, H., Nikou, S. and de Reuver, M. (2019) ‘Digitalization, business models, and SMEs: How do business model innovation practices improve performance of digitalizing SMEs?’, Telecommunications Policy, 43(9). doi:10.1016/j.telpol.2019.101828.
  • Bowen, D.E. and Ostroff, C. (2004) ‘Understanding HRMfirm performance linkages: The role of the “strength” of the HRM system’, Academy of Management Review, 29(2), pp. 203–221. doi:10.5465/AMR.2004.12736076.
  • Burke, A., Fraser, S. and Greene, F.J. (2010) ‘The multiple effects of business planning on new venture performance’, Journal of Management Studies, 47(3), pp. 391–415. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00857.x.
  • Calantone, R.J., Cavusgil, S.T. and Zhao, Y. (2002) ‘Learning orientation, firm innovation capability, and firm performance’, Industrial Marketing Management, 31(6), pp. 515–524. doi:10.1016/S0019-8501(01)00203-6.
  • Carrasco-Carvajal, O., Castillo-Vergara, M. and GarcíaPérez-de-Lema, D. (2023) ‘Measuring open innovation in SMEs: an overview of current research’, Review of Managerial Science, 17(2), pp. 397–442. doi:10.1007/ s11846-022-00533-9.
  • Casadesus-Masanell, R. and Zhu, F. (2013) ‘Business model innovation and competitive imitation: The case of sponsor-based business models’, Strategic Management Journal, 34(4), pp. 464–482. doi:10.1002/smj.2022.
  • Chesbrough, H. (2007) ‘Business model innovation: It’s not just about technology anymore’, Strategy and Leadership, 35(6), pp. 12–17. doi:10.1108/10878570710833714.
  • Chesbrough, H.W. (2003) ‘The era of open innovation’, MIT Sloan Management Review, 44(3), pp. 35–41.
  • Choi, T.Y. and Liker, J.K. (1995) ‘Bringing Japanese Continuous Improvement Approaches to U.S. Manufacturing: The Roles of Process Orientation and Communications’, Decision Sciences, 26(5), pp. 589– 620. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1995.tb01442.x.
  • Christiansen, T. et al. (2003) ‘A mapping of competitive priorities, manufacturing practices, and operational performance in groups of Danish manufacturing companies’, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 23(10). doi:10.1108/01443570310496616.
  • Christopher, M. (1999) ‘Logistics and Supply Chain Management: Strategies for Reducing Cost and Improving Service (Second Edition)’, International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 2(1), pp. 103–104. doi:10.1080/13675569908901575.
  • Conz, E., Denicolai, S. and Zucchella, A. (2017) ‘The resilience strategies of SMEs in mature clusters’, Journal of Enterprising Communities, 11(1), pp. 186– 210. doi:10.1108/JEC-02-2015-0015.
  • Dangayach, G.S. and Deshmukh, S.G. (2001) ‘Manufacturing strategy Literature review and some issues’, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 21(7), pp. 884–932. doi:10.1108/01443570110393414.
  • Delmar, F. and Shane, S. (2003) ‘Does business planning facilitate the development of new ventures?’, Strategic Management Journal, 24(12), pp. 1165–1185. doi:10.1002/smj.349.
  • Deshpandé, R. and Farley, J.U. (2004) ‘Organizational culture, market orientation, innovativeness, and firm performance: An international research odyssey’, International Journal of Research in Marketing, 21(1), pp. 3–22. doi:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2003.04.002.
  • Dibrell, C., Craig, J.B. and Neubaum, D.O. (2014) ‘Linking the formal strategic planning process, planning flexibility, and innovativeness to firm performance’, Journal of Business Research, 67(9), pp. 2000–2007. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.10.011.
  • Doern, R. (2021) ‘Knocked down but not out and fighting to go the distance: Small business responses to an unfolding crisis in the initial impact period’, Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 15. doi:10.1016/j.jbvi.2020.e00221.
  • Doern, R., Williams, N. and Vorley, T. (2019) ‘Special issue on entrepreneurship and crises: business as usual? An introduction and review of the literature’, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 31(5–6), pp. 400–412. doi:10.1080/08985626.2018.1541590.
  • Edwards, T., Battisti, G. and Neely, A. (2004) ‘Value creation and the UK economy: A review of strategic options’, International Journal of Management Reviews, 5–6(3– 4), pp. 191–213. doi:10.1111/j.1460-8545.2004.00103.x.
  • Eggers, F. and Kraus, S. (2011) ‘Growing Young SMEs in Hard Economic Times: The Impact of Entrepreneurial and Customer Orientations — A Qualitative Study from Silicon Valley’, Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 24(1), pp. 99–111. doi:10.1080/0827 6331.2011.10593528.
  • Eurostat (2008) Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community, Rev. 2 (2008). Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/ nomenclatures/index.cfm?TargetUrl=LST_NOM_ DTL&StrNom=NACE_REV2&StrLanguageCode=EN.
  • Fasth, J. et al. (2022) ‘Small and medium-sized enterprises response to Covid-19: The effect of external openness and procedural management’, International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship [Preprint]. doi:10.1177/02662426221101528.
  • Fey, C.F. and Denison, D.R. (2003) ‘Organizational Culture and Effectiveness: Can American Theory be Applied in Russia?’, Organization Science, 14(6). doi:10.1287/ orsc.14.6.686.24868.
  • Fontaine, R. and Richardson, S. (2003) ‘Cross-cultural research in Malaysia’, Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 10(2), pp. 75–89. doi:10.1108/13527600310797603.
  • Foss, N.J. and Saebi, T. (2017) ‘Fifteen Years of Research on Business Model Innovation: How Far Have We Come, and Where Should We Go?’, Journal of Management, 43(1), pp. 200–227. doi:10.1177/0149206316675927.
  • Fréchet, M. and Goy, H. (2017) ‘Does strategy formalization foster innovation? Evidence from a French sample of small to medium-sized enterprises’, Management (France), 20(3), pp. 266–286. doi:10.3917/ mana.203.0266.
  • Gallear, D. and Ghobadian, A. (2004) ‘An empirical investigation of the channels that facilitate a total quality culture’, Total Quality Management and Business Excellence, 15(8), pp. 1043–1067. doi:10.1080/147833 6042000255497.
  • Gatautis, R., Vaiciukynaite, E. and Tarute, A. (2019) ‘Impact of business model innovations on SME’s innovativeness and performance’, Baltic Journal of Management, 14(4), pp. 521–539. doi:10.1108/BJM-01-2018-0035.
  • Gebauer, H. (2011) ‘Exploring the contribution of management innovation to the evolution of dynamic capabilities’, Industrial Marketing Management, 40(8), pp. 1238–1250. doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2011.10.003.
  • Gebauer, H., Fleisch, E. and Friedli, T. (2005) ‘Overcoming the service paradox in manufacturing companies’, European Management Journal, 23(1), pp. 14–26. doi:10.1016/j.emj.2004.12.006.
  • Gebauer, H., Worch, H. and Truffer, B. (2012) ‘Absorptive capacity, learning processes and combinative capabilities as determinants of strategic innovation’, European Management Journal, 30(1), pp. 57–73. doi:10.1016/j. emj.2011.10.004.
  • George, B., Walker, R.M. and Monster, J. (2019) ‘Does Strategic Planning Improve Organizational Performance? A Meta-Analysis’, Public Administration Review, 79(6), pp. 810–819. doi:10.1111/puar.13104.
  • Gorgels, S. et al. (2022) Annual Report on European SMEs SMEs and environmental sustainability Background document Annual Report on European SMEs SMEs and environmental sustainability Background document.
  • Green, M.H., Davies, P. and Ng, I.C.L. (2017) ‘Two strands of servitization: A thematic analysis of traditional and customer co-created servitization and future research directions’, International Journal of Production Economics, 192, pp. 40–53. doi:10.1016/j. ijpe.2017.01.009.
  • Gregory, B.T. et al. (2009) ‘Organizational culture and effectiveness: A study of values, attitudes, and organizational outcomes’, Journal of Business Research, 62(7), pp. 673–679. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.05.021.
  • Gunday, G. et al. (2011) ‘Effects of innovation types on firm performance’, International Journal of Production Economics, 133(2), pp. 662–676. doi:10.1016/j. ijpe.2011.05.014.
  • Heij, C.V., Volberda, H.W. and Van Den Bosch, F.A.J. (2014) ‘How does business model innovation influence firm performance: The moderating effect of environmental dynamism’, in 74th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, AOM 2014, pp. 1502–1507. doi:10.5465/ AMBPP.2014.234.
  • Herbane, B. (2019) ‘Rethinking organizational resilience and strategic renewal in SMEs’, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 31(5–6), pp. 476–495. doi:10.1 080/08985626.2018.1541594.
  • Hossain, M. and Kauranen, I. (2016) ‘Open innovation in SMEs: a systematic literature review’, Journal of Strategy and Management, 9(1), pp. 58–73. doi:10.1108/ JSMA-08-2014-0072.
  • Ibarra, D. et al. (2020) ‘Business model innovation in established SMEs: A configurational approach’, Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 6(3). doi:10.3390/JOITMC6030076.
  • Ibarra, D., Ganzarain, J. and Igartua, J.I. (2018) ‘Business model innovation through Industry 4.0: A review’, in Procedia Manufacturing, pp. 4–10. doi:10.1016/j. promfg.2018.03.002.
  • Iborra, M., Safón, V. and Dolz, C. (2020) ‘What explains the resilience of SMEs? Ambidexterity capability and strategic consistency’, Long Range Planning, 53(6). doi:10.1016/j.lrp.2019.101947.
  • Iddris, F. (2019) ‘Innovation capability and product innovation performance: the case of low-tech manufacturing firms’, European Business Review, 31(5), pp. 646–668. doi:10.1108/EBR-12-2016-0159
  • Jardioui, M., Garengo, P. and El Alami, S. (2020) ‘How organizational culture influences performance measurement systems in SMEs’, International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 69(2), pp. 217–235. doi:10.1108/IJPPM-10-2018-0363.
  • Jin, C. et al. (2022) ‘How business model design drives innovation performance: The roles of product innovation capabilities and technological turbulence’, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 178. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121591.
  • Jones, J.L.S. and Linderman, K. (2014) ‘Process management, innovation and efficiency performance: The moderating effect of competitive intensity’, Business Process Management Journal, 20(2), pp. 335– 358. doi:10.1108/BPMJ-03-2013-0026.
  • Kaplinsky, R. (2000) ‘Globalisation and unequalisation: What can be learned from value chain analysis?’, Journal of Development Studies, 37(2), pp. 117–146. doi:10.1080/713600071.
  • Kharub, M., Mor, R.S. and Rana, S. (2022) ‘Mediating role of manufacturing strategy in the competitive strategy and firm performance: evidence from SMEs’, Benchmarking, 29(10), pp. 3275–3301. doi:10.1108/ BIJ-05-2021-0257.
  • Kim, B. (2013) ‘Competitive priorities and supply chain strategy in the fashion industry’, Qualitative Market Research, 16(2), pp. 214–242. doi:10.1108/13522751311317602.
  • Kim, S.K. and Min, S. (2015) ‘Business model innovation performance: When does adding a new business model benefit an incumbent?’, Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 9(1), pp. 34–57. doi:10.1002/sej.1193.
  • Latifi, M.-A., Nikou, S. and Bouwman, H. (2021) ‘Business model innovation and firm performance: Exploring causal mechanisms in SMEs’, Technovation, 107. doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2021.102274.
  • Laursen, K. and Foss, N.J. (2003) ‘New human resource management practices, complementarities and the impact on innovation performance’, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 27(2), pp. 243–263. doi:10.1093/ cje/27.2.243.
  • Leitner, K.-H. and Güldenberg, S. (2010) ‘Generic strategies and firm performance in SMEs: A longitudinal study of Austrian SMEs’, Small Business Economics, 35(2), pp. 169–189. doi:10.1007/s11187-009-9239-x.
  • Leong, G.K., Snyder, D.L. and Ward, P.T. (1990) ‘Research in the process and content of manufacturing strategy’, Omega, 18(2), pp. 109–122. doi:10.1016/0305- 0483(90)90058-H.
  • Ling S., F.Y.Y.. L. (2016) ‘Business models for foreign firms offering construction-related consultancy services in China’, Construction Management and Economics, 34(4–5), pp. 218–235. doi:10.1080/01446193.2016.11 89585.
  • Liu, H. et al. (2020) ‘Developing logistics value propositions: Drawing Insights from a distributed manufacturing solution’, Industrial Marketing Management, 89, pp. 517–527. doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.03.011.
  • Lorentz, H. et al. (2013) ‘Priorities and determinants for supply chain management skills development in manufacturing firms’, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 18(4), pp. 358–375. doi:10.1108/ SCM-03-2012-0111.
  • Lorentz, H. et al. (2016) ‘Cluster analysis application for understanding SME manufacturing strategies’, Expert Systems with Applications, 66, pp. 176–188. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2016.09.016.
  • Lukito-Budi, A.S., Manik, H.F.G.G. and Indarti, N. (2023) ‘Reorienting the organisational strategy of SMEs during the COVID-19 crisis: can entrepreneurial orientation help?’, Journal of Strategy and Management, 16(1), pp. 28–40. doi:10.1108/JSMA-07-2021-0156.
  • Lusch, R.F. and Nambisan, S. (2015) ‘Service innovation: A service-dominant logic perspective’, MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems, 39(1), pp. 155–175. doi:10.25300/MISQ/2015/39.1.07.
  • Macpherson, A., Herbane, B. and Jones, O. (2015) ‘Developing dynamic capabilities through resource accretion: expanding the entrepreneurial solution space’, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 27(5–6), pp. 259–291. doi:10.1080/08985626.2015.1038598.
  • Mayr, S., Duller, C. and Königstorfer, M. (2022) ‘How to Manage a Crisis: Entrepreneurial and Learning Orientation in Out-of-Court Reorganization’, Journal of Small Business Strategy, 32(2), pp. 11–24. doi:10.53703/001c.31246.
  • Morrish, S.C. and Jones, R. (2020) ‘Post-disaster business recovery: An entrepreneurial marketing perspective’, Journal of Business Research, 113, pp. 83–92. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.03.041.
  • Mueller, G.C., Mone, M.A. and Barker III, V.L. (2007) ‘Formal strategic analyses and organizational performance: Decomposing the rational model’, Organization Studies, 28(6), pp. 853–883. doi:10.1177/0170840607075262.
  • Muijs, D. (2011) ‘Leadership and organisational performance: From research to prescription?’, International Journal of Educational Management, 25(1), pp. 45–60. doi:10.1108/09513541111100116.
  • Neuhüttler, J., Woyke, I.C. and Ganz, W. (2018) Applying value proposition design for developing smart service business models in manufacturing firms, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. doi:10.1007/978-3- 319-60486-2_10.
  • Noke, H. and Hughes, M. (2010) ‘Climbing the value chain: Strategies to create a new product development capability in mature SMEs’, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 30(2), pp. 132–154. doi:10.1108/01443571011018680.
  • Odriozola-Fernández, I. and Berbegal-Mirabent, J. (2022) ‘How open are SMEs? Exploring the impact of different open innovation practices’, European Journal of International Management, 18(1), pp. 32–51. doi:10.1504/EJIM.2022.123761.
  • Ongena, G. and Ravesteyn, P. (2020) ‘Business process management maturity and performance: A multi group analysis of sectors and organization sizes’, Business Process Management Journal, 26(1), pp. 132–149. doi:10.1108/BPMJ-08-2018-0224.
  • Osiyevskyy, O., Shirokova, G. and Ritala, P. (2020) ‘Exploration and exploitation in crisis environment: Implications for level and variability of firm performance’, Journal of Business Research, 114, pp. 227–239. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.04.015.
  • Paauwe, J. (2009) ‘HRM and performance: Achievements, methodological issues and prospects’, Journal of Management Studies, 46(1), pp. 129–142. doi:10.1111/ j.1467-6486.2008.00809.x.
  • Peillon, S., Dubruc, N. and Mansour, M. (2018) ‘Service and customer orientation of corporate culture in a French manufacturing SME’, in Procedia CIRP, pp. 91–95. doi:10.1016/j.procir.2018.03.331.
  • Porter, M.E. (1985) ‘Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance’, in. Porter, M.E. (1990) ‘The Competitive Advantage of Nations’, The Competitive Advantage of Nations, 68(2). doi:10.1007/978-1-349-11336-1.
  • Priyono, A., Moin, A. and Putri, V.N.A.O. (2020) ‘Identifying digital transformation paths in the business model of smes during the covid-19 pandemic’, Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 6(4), pp. 1–22. doi:10.3390/joitmc6040104.
  • Purcell, J. and Hutchinson, S. (2007) ‘Front-line managers as agents in the HRM-performance causal chain: Theory, analysis and evidence’, Human Resource Management Journal, 17(1), pp. 3–20. doi:10.1111/ j.1748-8583.2007.00022.x.
  • Pusceddu, G., Moi, L. and Cabiddu, F. (2022) ‘The intersection between SMEs’ business strategies and the phases of unexpected events: a systematic review of the literature’, Sinergie, 40(2), pp. 63–86. doi:10.7433/ S118.2022.04.
  • Rajapathirana, R.P.J. and Hui, Y. (2018) ‘Relationship between innovation capability, innovation type, and firm performance’, Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 3(1), pp. 44–55. doi:10.1016/j.jik.2017.06.002.
  • Rashidirad, M. and Salimian, H. (2020) ‘SMEs’ dynamic capabilities and value creation: the mediating role of competitive strategy’, European Business Review, 32(4), pp. 591–613. doi:10.1108/EBR-06-2019-0113.
  • Retegi, J. et al. (2020) ‘Análisis sectorial del potencial impacto y recuperación de la crisis de la Covid-19 en las empresas vascas’, p. 37. Available at: www.orkestra. deusto.es.
  • Rosenbusch, N., Brinckmann, J. and Bausch, A. (2011) ‘Is innovation always beneficial? A meta-analysis of the relationship between innovation and performance in SMEs’, Journal of Business Venturing, 26(4), pp. 441– 457. doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.12.002.
  • Saunila, M. (2020) ‘Innovation capability in SMEs: A systematic review of the literature’, Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 5(4), pp. 260–265. doi:10.1016/j. jik.2019.11.002. Schein, E.H. (1990) ‘Organizational Culture’, American Psychologist, 45(2), pp. 109–119. doi:10.1037/0003- 066X.45.2.109. Shipton, H. et al. (2006) ‘HRM as a predictor of innovation’, Human Resource Management Journal, 16(1), pp. 3–27. doi:10.1111/j.1748-8583.2006.00002.x.
  • Sirmon, D.G., Hitt, M.A. and Ireland, R.D. (2007) ‘Managing firm resources in dynamic environments to create value: Looking inside the black box’, Academy of Management Review, 32(1), pp. 273–292. doi:10.5465/ AMR.2007.23466005.
  • Škrinjar, R. and Trkman, P. (2013) ‘Increasing process orientation with business process management: Critical practices’’, International Journal of Information Management, 33(1), pp. 48–60. doi:10.1016/j. ijinfomgt.2012.05.011.
  • Smallbone, D. et al. (2012) ‘Small business responses to a major economic downturn: Empirical perspectives from New Zealand and the United Kingdom’, International Small Business Journal, 30(7), pp. 754–777. doi:10.1177/0266242612448077.
  • Song, M. et al. (2011) ‘Does strategic planning enhance or impede innovation and firm performance?’, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 28(4), pp. 503–520. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5885.2011.00822.x.
  • Su, S., Baird, K. and Blair, B. (2009) ‘Employee organizational commitment: The influence of cultural and organizational factors in the Australian manufacturing industry’, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20(12), pp. 2494–2516. doi:10.1080/09585190903363813.
  • Teece, D.J. (2018) ‘Business models and dynamic capabilities’, Long Range Planning, 51(1), pp. 40–49. doi:10.1016/j.lrp.2017.06.007.
  • Vecchi, A. and Brennan, L. (2009) ‘A cultural perspective on innovation in international manufacturing’, Research in International Business and Finance, 23(2), pp. 181–192. doi:10.1016/j.ribaf.2008.03.008.
  • Visnjic, I., Wiengarten, F. and Neely, A. (2016) ‘Only the Brave: Product Innovation, Service Business Model Innovation, and Their Impact on Performance’, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 33(1), pp. 36–52. doi:10.1111/jpim.12254.
  • Visnjic Kastalli, I. and Van Looy, B. (2013) ‘Servitization: Disentangling the impact of service business model innovation on manufacturing firm performance’, Journal of Operations Management, 31(4), pp. 169–180. doi:10.1016/j.jom.2013.02.001.
  • Ward, P.T. and Duray, R. (2000) ‘Manufacturing strategy in context: Environment, competitive strategy and manufacturing strategy’, Journal of Operations Management, 18(2), pp. 123–138. doi:10.1016/S0272- 6963(99)00021-2.
  • White, J.V. et al. (2022) ‘Exploring the boundaries of business model innovation and firm performance: A metaanalysis’, Long Range Planning, 55(5). doi:10.1016/j. lrp.2022.102242.
  • Yeon, G. et al. (2022) ‘Implementing strategic responses in the COVID-19 market crisis: a study of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in India’, Journal of Indian Business Research, 14(3), pp. 319–338. doi:10.1108/ JIBR-04-2021-0137.
  • Zhang, H., Kang, F. and Hu, S.-Q. (2020) ‘Senior leadership, customer orientation, and service firm performance: the mediator role of process management’, Total Quality Management and Business Excellence, 31(13–14), pp. 1605–1620. doi:10.1080/14783363.2018.1492873.
  • Zheng, W., Yang, B. and McLean, G.N. (2010) ‘Linking organizational culture, structure, strategy, and organizational effectiveness: Mediating role of knowledge management’, Journal of Business Research, 63(7), pp. 763–771. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2009.06.005.